Monday Night Football Live-Blog: Patriots at Saints

We'll be live blogging all of the action here and at 12SD tonight. Here are your particulars....

New England Patriots at New Orleans Saints (ESPN, 8:30pm)- Mike Tirico, Ron Jaworski, Jon Gruden
Line: NO -2, O/U 57

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Senate Floor "LIVE" Health care debate "Link" (Watch LIVE)

This is a link to the live stream of the senate debate on healthcare going on right now. I'm actually watching it myself as we speak!

Live Senate floor healthcare debate

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Obama town hall meeting in China
Chinese drywall linked to toxins
Gold hit's record, dollar drops

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After Terrible Playoff Run, TBS Drops Chip Caray

I always preface these posts with the note that you never want to see someone lose their job, but in certain circumstances it's warranted. After what one could describe as the worst multiple game announcing performance, Chip Caray has been let go by Turner Sports. Via the NY Times....

Chip Caray’s tenure as TBS’s lead major league baseball announcer ended Monday when he and the cable network agreed to part ways.

Caray’s high-volume style was mixed with a penchant for bad play calls, embellishments and factual errors. His best known incident occurred during the American League Central Division tie breaker between the Twins and the Tigers in October. He called an obvious lineout this way: “Line drive. Base hit. Caught out there. The runner tags. Throw to the plate. On target. And in time! A double play!”

In a memo sent to company employees, David Levy, the president of Turner Sports, wrote on Monday: “Since the end of this year’s M.L.B. playoffs, we’ve had several discussions with Chip Caray regarding 2010 and beyond. Both sides have agreed that now is the right time for Turner Sports and Chip to move ahead on different paths.”

Well all's well that ends well, right? Hopefully Chip can hop on somewhere and work on whatever has been plaguing him the past few years. He reminds of that period of time when Chuck Knoblauch couldn't throw to first from second.

Chip Caray And TBS Part Ways (NY Times)

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Don't Expect NBC To Flex Their Muscles This Season

Sorry, I know that was a cheesy title but it had to be done. With the announcement today that NBC isn't going to be flexing the Week 14 Eagles-Giants game, that just about solidifies the fact that not a single game will be flexed into Sunday Night this season. Well outside of the open slot in Week 17. Here's a look at the rest of the schedule....

Week 13: Sunday, December 6th - Minnesota Vikings at Arizona Cardinals
Week 14: Sunday, December 13th - Philadelphia Eagles at New York Giants
Week 15: Sunday, December 20th - Minnesota Vikings at Carolina Panthers
Week 16: Sunday, December 27th - Dallas Cowboys at Washington Redskins
Week 17: Sunday, January 3rd - TBA

I think NBC could potentially flex the Cowboys-Redskins game, but even when one of the teams is terrible, that matchup still brings in good ratings. We shall see though.

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Your NBA Announcing Schedule For The Week Of 11/30

Monday, November 30th

Indiana Pacers at Golden State Warriors (NBATV, 10:30pm)- Local Announcers

Tuesday, December 1st

New Orleans Hornet at L.A. Lakers (NBATV, 10:30pm)- Local Announcers

Wednesday, December 2nd

Philadelphia 76ers at Oklahoma City Thunder (NBATV, 8pm)- Local Announcers
Houston Rockets at L.A. Clippers (NBATV, 10:30pm)- Local Announcers

Thursday, December 3rd

Boston Celtics at San Antonio Spurs (TNT, 8pm)- Marv Albert, Mike Fratello, Reggie Miller, David Aldridge
Miami Heat at Denver Nuggets (TNT, 10:30pm)- Kevin Harlan, Doug Collins, Craig Sager

Friday, December 4th

Chicago Bulls at Cleveland Cavaliers (ESPN, 8pm)- Dan Shulman, Hubie Brown, Ric Bucher
Miami Heat at LA Lakers (ESPN, 10:30pm)- Mike Breen, Mark Jackson, Jeff Van Gundy, Doris Burke

Saturday, December 5th

Denver Nuggets at San Antonio Spurs (NBATV, 8:30pm)- Local Announcers

Sunday, December 6th

Washington Wizards at Detroit Pistons (NBATV, 6pm)- Local Announcers

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Your College Basketball Schedule For The Week Of 11/30

Monday, November 30th

Penn State @ Virginia (ESPN2, 7pm)- Mike Patrick, Len Elmore
UNC-Asheville @ Kentucky (SEC Network, 7pm)- Dave Neal, Larry Conley (Will Air on FS Florida, North, South, SUN; FSN Rocky Mountain
St. Joseph's @ Rider (Comcast Network, 7pm)- Scott Graham, Donyell Marshall
Mount St. Mary's @ Georgetown (MASN, 7pm)- Jason Knapp, Mark Tillmon (Will Air on SNY)
Arkansas-Pine Bluff @ Arizona State (FS Arizona, 9pm)- Daron Sutton, Tom Kuyper (Will Air on FCS Pacific)

Tuesday, December 1st

Wake Forest @ Purdue (ESPN, 7pm)- Dave O'Brien, Steve Lavin
Northwestern @ North Carolina State (ESPNU, 7pm)- Beth Mowins, Jay Williams
Florida A&M @ Florida (SEC Network, 7pm)- Dave Neal, Mark Wise (Will Air on FS Florida, South, Southwest)
Morgan State @ Loyola-MD (MASN, 7pm)- Scott Garceau, Kevin Grevey
Maryland @ Indiana (ESPN2, 7:30pm)- Sean McDonough, Bill Raftery
Texas Southern @ Cincinnati (FS Ohio, 7:30pm)- TBD (Will Air on SNY)
Louisiana-Lafayette @ Louisiana State (CST, 7:30pm)- TBD
Fort Hays State @ Kansas State (FS Kansas City, 8pm)- TBD
Michigan State @ North Carolina (ESPN, 9pm)- Dan Shulman, Dick Vitale
San Francisco @ Colorado (FSN Rocky Mountain, 9pm)- Drew Goodman, Ceal Barry
Texas-El Paso @ New Mexico State (Aggie Vision, 9pm)- TBD (Will Air on Altitude2)
Virginia Tech @ Iowa (ESPN2, 9:30pm)- Bob Wischusen, Stephen Bardo

Wednesday, December 2nd

Pittsburgh @ Duquesne (CBS College Sports, 7pm)- TBD
Saint Louis @ Georgia (CSS, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on FS Midwest)
George Mason @ George Washington (MASN, 7pm)- TBD
East Tennessee State @ Tennesee (SportSouth, 7pm)- TBD
Stony Brook @ St. John's (Big East Network, 7pm)- TBD
Boston @ Connecticut (Big East Network, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on CST)
Stetson @ Louisville (Big East Network, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on SNY)
Illinois @ Clemson (ESPN, 7:15pm)- Brad Nessler, Jimmy Dykes
Minnesota @ Miami (ESPNU, 7:15pm)- Clay Matvick, Bob Wenzel
Boston College @ Michigan (ESPN2, 7:30pm)- Dave Pasch, Len Elmore
Northern Iowa @ Iowa State (Mediacom-Iowa, 8pm)- TBD
Arkansas @ Oklahoma (ARSN/Sooner Sports, 8pm)- TBD
Alcorn State @ Kansas (Jayhawk TV, 8pm)- TBD
California @ New Mexico (CBS College Sports, 9pm)- TBD
Washington State @ Gonzaga (KHQ, 9pm)- Greg Heister, Craig Ehlo (Will Air on FSN Northwest)
Nevada-Las Vegas @ Arizona (FS Arizona, 9pm)- TBD (Will Air on FCS Pacific)
Western Kentucky @ South Carolina (SportSouth, 9pm)- TBD
Duke @ Wisconsin (ESPN, 9:15pm)- Brent Musburger, Bob Knight
Florida State @ Ohio State (ESPN2, 9:30pm)- John Saunders, Fran Fraschilla
Missouri @ Vanderbilt (ESPNU, 9:30pm)- Rob Stone, Jay Williams

Thursday, December 3rd

Washington @ Texas Tech (ESPN2, 7pm)- Carter Blackburn, Stephen Bardo
Eastern Kentucky @ Murray State (ESPNU, 7pm)- Dave Weekley, Barry Booker
Mount St. Mary's @ Robert Morris (NEC, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on MASN, MSG; FCS Atlantic)
Missouri-Kansas City @ Oral Roberts (FCS Central, 8pm)- TBD
USC @ Texas (ESPN, 9pm)- Jon Sciambi, Fran Fraschilla
Cleveland State @ Wright State (ESPNU, 9pm)- Jim Barbar, Mark Adams
Coastal Carolina @ Virginia Military (MASN, 9pm)- TBD
Baylor @ Arizona State (FSN, 10:30pm)- TBD (Will Air on FS Arizona, Detroit, Florida, Midwest, North, Ohio, South, Southwest (JIP), PrimeTicket; FSN Northwest, Pittsburgh, Rocky Mountain; CSN Chicago, Washington; MSG+; FCS Pacific)

Friday, December 4th

Pennsylvania @ Navy (CBS College Sports, 7pm)- TBD
Wofford @ Michigan State (BTN, 7pm)- TBD
Florida @ Jacksonville (FS Florida, 7pm)- TBD
New Hampshire @ Pittsburgh (Big East Network, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on FSN Pittsburgh)
Kent State @ Xavier (FS Ohio, 7:30pm)- TBD
UNC-Asheville @ Gardner-Webb (MASN, 7:30pm)- TBD
Akron @ Texas A&M (FS Southwest, 8pm)- TBD
Colorado @ Oregon State (FSN, 11pm)- TBD (Will Air on FS Arizona, Detroit, Florida, Midwest, Ohio, South, Southwest, Wisconsin, PrimeTicket; FSN Pittsburgh, Rocky Mountain (JIP); CSN Chicago (JIP), Washington; MSG+; FCS Pacific)

Saturday, December 5th

Eastern Michigan @ Ohio State (ESPNU, Noon)- Clay Matvick, Bob Wenzel
Virginia Commonwealth @ William & Mary (CSN Regional, Noon)- TBD (Will Air on CSN Philadelphia, Washington, CSS)
Bryant @ St. Francis (NY) (NEC, Noon)- TBD (Will Air on MSG)
North Carolina @ Kentucky (CBS, 12:30pm)- TBD
Southern Mississippi @ Mississippi (SEC Network, 1pm)- TBD (Will Air on FS North, South, SUN; FSN Rocky Mountain)
Cleveland State @ Detroit (FS Detroit, 1pm)- TBD (Will Air on FCS Atlantic)
Georgia State @ James Madison (CSN Regional, 2pm)- TBD (Will Air on CSN Philadelphia, Washington, CSS)
North Carolina State @ Marquette (Big East Network, 3pm)- TBD (Will Air on MASN, SNY)
St. John's @ Duke (ESPN2, 3:30pm)- Dave O'Brien, Dick Vitale
Davidson @ Charleston (CSS, 4pm)- TBD
Texas-San Antonio @ Oklahoma State (Cowboy Sports, 4pm)- TBD
Oregon @ Missouri (ESPNU, 5pm)- Mitch Holthus, Jay Williams
Buffalo @ Purdue (BTN, 5pm)- TBD
George Mason @ UNC-Wilmington (ESPN Plus, 5pm)- TBD (Will Air on MASN)
Wake Forest @ Gonzaga (ESPN2, 5:30pm)- Carter Blackburn, Jay Bilas
USC @ Georgia Tech (FS South, 6pm)- TBD
Charlotte @ Louisville (ESPNU, 7pm)- Mike Gleason, Mark Gottfried
Maine @ Syracuse (Time Warner-Central NY, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on SNY)
Coastal Carolina @ Liberty (Liberty Channel, 7pm)- TBD (Will Air on MASN)
Boise State @ Illinois (BTN, 7:30pm)- TBD
Southern Utah @ Oral Roberts (FCS Central, 8pm)- TBD
Washington State @ Kansas State (ESPNU, 9pm)- Dave Armstrong, Rich Zvosec
New Mexico State @ New Mexico (MTN, 9pm)- TBD
Iowa State @ California (ESPNU, 11pm)- Todd Harris, Krista Blunk

Sunday, December 6th

South Carolina @ Clemson (FS South, 1pm)- TBD (Will Air on NESN)
Florida International @ Florida State (SUN, 1pm)- TBD
Harvard @ Connecticut (Big East Network, 1pm)- TBD ()Will Air on CST, MASN, SNY
Tulane @ Western Kentucky (WKYU, 2pm)- TBD (Will Air on FCS Central)
Miami @ Boston College (FSN, 3pm)- Ron Thulin, Mike Gminski (Will Air on FS Arizona, Detroit, Florida, Midwest, North, South, Southwest, West; FSN Northwest, Pittsburgh, Rocky Mountain; CSN Washington+; MSG+; NESN; FCS Atlantic)
Navy v. George Washington (MASN, 5pm)- Jim Hunter, John FeinsteinDave Neal, Larry Conley
Kansas @ UCLA (FSN, 5:30pm)- TBD (Will Air on FS Arizona, Detroit, Florida, Midwest, North, Ohio, South, Southwest, PrimeTicket; FSN Northwest, Pittsburgh, Rocky Mountain; CSN Chicago, New England, Washington+; MSG+; FCS Pacific)
Arizona @ Oklahoma (ESPNU, 7pm)- Doug Bell, Reid Gettys
Villanova v. Maryland (MASN, 7:30pm)- Jim Hunter, John Feinstein (Will Air on FS Arizona, Florida, Midwest, North, Ohio, South, Southwest, PrimeTicket; FSN Northwest, Pittsburgh, Rocky Mountain; CSN Chicago, New England; MSG+; FCS Atlantic)
Cal State-Northridge @ Washington (FSN Northwest, 10pm)- TBD (Will Air on FCS Pacific)

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Whistleblower Bill Johnson receiving Death Threats

Republican candidate for governor Bill Johnson says several death threats" have been mailed to his home in Prattville.

Johnson has turned over the letters to the Prattville Post Office and was told they would be investigated by postal inspectors. One of the letters is addressed to "Judas Iscariot" and on the envelope includes a photo from the Vietnam War of a man holding a gun to another man's head. Johnson's face has been placed on the image of the man with the gun pointed at his head. Under the picture is the phrase "Say Goodbye To Bill." Johnson is a former member of Gov. Bob Riley's cabinet and served on the Birmingham City Council.

Source:
Huffington Post

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Suzy Kolber Will Hunt You Down Tom Brady

It seems like just yesterday that Tom Brady completely shunned MNF sideline reporter Suzy Kolber, but it actually took place all the way back in Week One. The Patriots haven't back since then, but Suzy remembers the dis and plans on hunting the QB down following tonight's game against the Saints. Via The Huddle....

Brady hastily tried to dodge an on-field interview with Kolber after a Week 1 win against the Bills. A persistent Kolber ran with Brady off the field and finally cajoled him into answering a few questions.

Now with the Patriots due back on MNF again, Kolber is set for another postgame meeting. ESPN's Kenny Mayne jokingly had Kolber training with Tyson Gay, whose 9.69 100-meter dash is a U.S. record.

Kolber, in ESPN's Mayne Event this week, playfully set in a sprinter's starting block and said:

"I'm getting you this time, Brady."

Well that's good. I think she got him last time actually, but it's good that she can joke about it. Now the question is whether the Pats will win or not, so she has the opportunity.

As Tom Brady returns to 'MNF,' ESPN's Suzy Kolber says 'I'm getting you this time' (The Huddle)

(P.S.- Yes, there will be a live-blog tonight)

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Are Search Engines censoring climate change fraud

An article written by a man named Christopher Brooker exposing the climate change fraud flew to the top of Google News search for the term, “global warming,” only to disappear hours later.

“What is going on with Google? I only ask because last night when I typed “Global Warming” into Google News, the top item was Christopher Booker’s superb analysis of the Climategate scandal,” writes James Delingpole.

“It’s still the most-read article of the Telegraph’s entire online operation – 430 comments and counting – yet mysteriously when you try the same search now it doesn’t even feature. Instead, the top-featured item is a blogger pushing Al Gore’s AGW agenda. Perhaps there’s nothing sinister in this. Perhaps some Google-savvy reader can enlighten me.” Some people claim the original article dissapeared and only other versions are available now. In addition, searches for previous Christopher Brooker articles show up as top links – it’s only this particular article that has seemingly been targeted for censorship. The same de-listing of the article is evident on other major search engine websites like Bing and Yahoo. It appears as if one of the editors at the Telegraph has gone into the back end of the Telegraph content management system and checked an option which prevents search engines from indexing a particular article.

Sources and related articles:
Prison Planet


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Congress investigates hacked climate Emails.
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AL Gore airbrushes hurricanes into book cover (video)
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Somali Pirates Sieze U.S bound oil tanker worth 100 million (and that's only the oil)

Somali pirates seized a tanker carrying crude oil from Saudi Arabia to the United States in the dangerous waters off East Africa, an official said Monday, an attack that could pose a huge environmental security threat to the region.The ship was hijacked Sunday about 800 miles off the coast of Somalia, said a spokesman for the EU Naval Force.

The ship has 28 crew members on board, he said. Officials could not immediately say how many barrels of oil were on board, but its value would be in the millions of dollars. Pirates have increased attacks on vessels off East Africa for the millions in ransom that can be had. Pirates typically use guns and rocket-propelled grenades in their attacks, and some vessels now carry private security guards, but Middleton said oil tankers do not. In late 2007, pirates hijacked a chemical tanker carrying up to 10,000 tons of highly explosive benzene. Initially, American intelligence agents worried terrorists from Somalia's Islamic extremist insurgency could be involved, and might try to crash the boat into an offshore oil platform or use it as a gigantic bomb. Somalia's lawless 1,880-mile coastline provides a perfect haven for pirates to prey on ships heading for the Gulf of Aden, one of the world's busiest shipping routes. The impoverished Horn of Africa nation has not had a functioning government for a generation and the weak U.N.-backed administration is too busy fighting the Islamist insurgency to arrest pirates. Pirates now hold about a dozen vessels hostage and more than 200 crew members. The Maran Centaurus had 28 crew aboard — 16 Filipinos, nine Greeks, two Ukrainians and one Romanian. Piracy has increased despite an increased presence by international navies patrolling the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden. The U.S. this fall began flying sophisticated drones over East African waters as part of the fight against piracy. Somali Pirates are known for hijacking vessels in the Red Sea region.

Sources and related Links:
Associated Press
CBS News

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Iran defies U.N, announces building of 10 nuclear facilities

Iran has authorized the construction of 10 Uranium enrichment plants its state news agency announced Sunday. The move comes two days after the International Atomic Energy Agency, the U.N. nuclear watchdog, passed a resolution demanding that Iran stop construction on a previously secret nuclear facility at Qom.
The agency also repeated calls for Iran to stop its uranium enrichment program. The IAEA said it would not comment on Sunday's announcement. But in Washington, White House spokesman Robert Gibbs called the announcement "another example of Iran choosing to isolate itself." Enriched Uranium can be used to fuel power plants -- or, if enriched to a much higher concentration, can be used to make a nuclear bomb. Iran says it has a right to produce nuclear fuel under the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty, which bars member states from pursuing nuclear weapons and requires international inspectors to have access to nuclear facilities. "We have friendly and kind relations with the whole world, but we will not allow even the slightest denial of Iran's rights," IRNA quoted Iranian President Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad as telling government ministers. And Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani criticized the IAEA resolution Sunday, warning that continued international pressure could force Iran "to seek another path which will seriously change our cooperation with the agency," IRNA reported. Iran says the goal of the plants authorized Sunday would be to produce enough enriched Uranium to yield about 20,000 megawatts of electricity a year. Iran currently has one nuclear power plant, which has yet to begin full operation, and announced plans in 2007 to build 19 more. In addition, Iran has so far refused to sign an agreement with France, Russia and the United States to send its uranium stocks abroad for enrichment in exchange for fuel for a research reactor that produces radioisotopes used for cancer treatment.

Sources and related articles:
Trend
CNN

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brett lee the famous cricketer

brett lee

brett lee and team

brett lee girlfriend

brett lee photo

brett lee gallery

brett lee the apeel of impire

brett lee the best cricketer

brett lee

brett lee wallpapers

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Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: The Internet Chapter (very important)

The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, a secret copyright treaty whose text Obama’s administration refused to disclose due to “national security” concerns, has leaked.

It says: * That ISPs have to proactively police copyright on user-contributed material.
This means that it will be impossible to run a service like Flickr or YouTube or Blogger, since hiring enough lawyers to ensure that the mountain of material uploaded every second isn’t infringing will exceed any hope of profitability * That ISPs have to cut off the Internet access of accused copyright infringers or face liability. This means that your entire family could be denied to the internet — and hence to civic participation, health information, education, communications, and their means of earning a living — if one member is accused of copyright infringement, without access to a trial or counsel.
* That the whole world must adopt US-style “notice-and-takedown” rules that require ISPs to remove any material that is accused — again, without evidence or trial — of infringing copyright. This has proved a disaster in the US and other countries, where it provides an easy means of censoring material, just by accusing it of infringing copyright. * Mandatory prohibitions on breaking DRM, even if doing so for a lawful purpose (e.g., to make a work available to disabled people; for archival preservation; because you own the copyrighted work that is locked up with DRM.)

This is serious news people. I have been doing a lot of research on this topic lately and soon I will post a large article dedicated to it. Check below links for more information as the story unfolds.

Sources and related articles:
Michael Geist
ACTA on Wiki


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World Trade Organization protest turns violent. Police use tear gas (Video)

On Saturday, a peaceful protest turned violent as police used tear gas and fired rubber bullets at demonstrators in Geneva Switzerland. The Group was protesting an upcoming World Trade Organization meeting. The "Anti-WTO " said it "regretted being unable to finish the demonstration and deliver the planned speeches.

" Thirty-three arrests were made and one minor injury was reported. Over 3,000 demonstrators led the protest which ended up in what some would call a kind of formed chaos. The group reportedly attacked banks, cars, stores and other institutions with in the town center of Geneva. The WTO meeting included top world trade officials and discussions on the Multilateral Trading System and Current Global Economic Environment. The WTO has hoped to avoid the acrimony and violent protests that have plagued it's previous ministerial conferences, but it seems that may not happen any time soon. Geneva police have taken a number of steps to ensure the security of the meeting place. I see this demonstration as a victory, it shows people are waking up and realizing they need to be heard. Information is power, and the control of information is manipulation. Stand up for yourself, your family, your neighbor and your country. Pay attention to what is going on, get involved in local government and elections, express your views. This has been a message brought to you by The Real News.

Sources and related links:
NPR
CBS News

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Opto-Electronic contact lens shows "display screen"

The University of Washington in Seattle has been working on the development of an Opto-Electronic contact lens.

The latest prototype, the handiwork of Dr. Babak Parviz : is a semi-transparent array including an LED embedded into a contact lens receiving 330 microwatts of power wirelessly from a nearby RF Transmitter . The prototype is used to display bio sensor feedback about the wearer’s vital signs, but the company plans to use them to store much more data in the future. The power is picked up by a loop antenna in the lens, and future iterations of the hardware are expected to integrate the transmitter into a cellphone.

There will be far more to come, with much better resolution. “Conventional contact lenses are polymers formed in specific shapes to correct faulty vision. To turn such a lens into a functional system, we integrate control circuits, communication circuits, and miniature antennas into the lens using custom-built opto-electronic components. Those components will eventually include hundreds of LEDs, which will form images in front of the eye, such as words, charts, and photographs. Much of the hardware is semitransparent so that wearers can navigate their surroundings without crashing into them or becoming disoriented.” Dr Parviz plans to see the lenses being used for more than just displaying data, his eventual goal is to make the contact lens a platform, “like the iPhone is today.”

Sources and related articles:
Bioptics World
tele presence options


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9/11 conspiracy theories

The collapse of the two World Trade Center towers and the nearby WTC7 (in this photo, the brown building to the left of the towers) is a major focus of 9/11 conspiracy theories.

9/11 conspiracy theories allege that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were either intentionally allowed to happen or were a false flag operation orchestrated by an organization with elements inside the United States government. The most prominent theory is that the collapse of the World Trade Center and 7 World Trade Center were the result of a controlled demolition rather than structural weakening due to fire. Another prominent belief is that the Pentagon was hit by a missile launched by elements from inside the U.S. government or that a commercial airliner was allowed to do so via an effective standdown of the American military. The commonly prescribed motives are to justify the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, including control over their vast oil resources; to facilitate increased military spending; and to restrict domestic civil liberties.


Published reports and articles by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Popular Mechanics and mainstream media have rejected the 9/11 conspiracy theories. Civil engineers state that the impacts of jet aircraft at high speeds in combination with subsequent fires, rather than controlled demolition, led to the collapse of the Twin Towers and WTC 7.

History

Since the September 11 attacks, a variety of conspiracy theories regarding the 9/11 attacks have been put forward in Web sites, books, and films. Many groups and individuals advocating 9/11 conspiracy theories identify as part of the 9/11 Truth Movement. Unlike conspiracy theories about the death of Princess Diana, 9/11 conspiracy theories did not emerge immediately after the event. Indeed, most professional conspiracy theorists in the United States appeared to be as shocked as the rest of the population. The first theories that emerged focused primarily on various anomalies in the publicly available evidence, and proponents later developed more specific theories about an alleged plot. One allegation that was widely circulated by e-mail and on the Web, is that not a single Jew had been killed in the attack and that attacks must have been the work of the Mossad, not Islamic terrorists.

The first elaborated theories appeared in Europe. They include a blog published by Mathias Bröckers, an editor at the German newspaper Die Tageszeitung at the time, the book 9/11: The Big Lie by French journalist Thierry Meyssan, the book The CIA and September 11 by former German state minister Andreas von Bülow and the book Operation 9/11, written by the German journalist Gerhard Wisnewski.


While these theories were popular in Europe, they were treated by the U.S. media with either bafflement or amusement and were dismissed by the U.S. government as the product of anti-Americanism. In an address to the United Nations on November 10, 2001, United States President George W. Bush denounced the emergence of "outrageous conspiracy theories [...] that attempt to shift the blame away from the terrorists, themselves, away from the guilty."

By 2004, conspiracy theories about the September 11 attacks began to gain ground in the United States. One explanation for the increase in popularity was that it was not the discovery of any new or more compelling evidence or an improvement of the technical quality of the presentation of the theories, but rather the growing criticism of the Iraq War and the presidency of George W. Bush, who had been reelected in 2004. Revelations of spin doctoring and lying by federal officials, such as the claims about the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, the belated release of the President's Daily Brief of August 6, 2001 and reports that NORAD had lied to the 9/11 Commission, may have fuelled the conspiracy theories.

Between 2004 and the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2006, mainstream coverage of the conspiracy theories increased. Reacting to the growing publicity, the U.S. government issued responses to the theories, including a formal analysis by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) about the collapse of the World Trade Center, a revised 2006 State Department webpage to debunk the theories, and a strategy paper referred to by President Bush in an August 2006 speech, which declared that terrorism springs from "subcultures of conspiracy and misinformation," and that "terrorists recruit more effectively from populations whose information about the world is contaminated by falsehoods and corrupted by conspiracy theories. The distortions keep alive grievances and filter out facts that would challenge popular prejudices and self-serving propaganda." Al-Qaeda has repeatedly claimed responsibility for the attacks, with chief deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri accusing Shia Iran and Hezbollah of intentionally starting rumors that Israel carried out the attacks to denigrate Sunni successes in hurting America.


Some of the conspiracy theories about the September 11 attacks do not involve representational strategies typical of many conspiracy theories that establish a clear dichotomy between good and evil, or guilty and innocent. Instead, they call up gradations of negligence and complicity. Matthias Bröckers, an early proponent of such theories, dismisses the official account of the September 11 attacks as being itself a conspiracy theory that seeks "to reduce complexity, disentangle what is confusing," and "explain the inexplicable".

Just prior to the fifth anniversary of the attacks, mainstream news outlets released a flurry of articles on the growth of 9/11 conspiracy theories, with an article in the magazine Time stating that "This is not a fringe phenomenon. It is a mainstream political reality." An August 2007 Zogby poll commissioned by 911Truth.org found that 63.6% of Americans believe that Arab fundamentalists were responsible for 9/11 while 26.4% of believed that "certain elements in the U.S. government knew the attacks were coming but consciously let them proceed for various political, military and economic reasons" and 4.8% of them believe that "certain U.S. Government elements actively planned or assisted some aspects of the attacks". (See 9/11 opinion polls.) In 2008, 9/11 conspiracy theories topped a "greatest conspiracy theory” list compiled by The Daily Telegraph. The list was based on following and traction. Mainstream coverage generally presents these theories as a cultural phenomenon and is often critical of their content.

Mainstream account

Main article: September 11 attacks

On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying at least two nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon and a fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after the passengers and flight crew revolted.

Within the context of 9/11 conspiracy theories, the terms 'mainstream account,' 'official account' and 'official conspiracy theory' all refer to:

• The reports from government investigations — the 9/11 Commission Report (which incorporated intelligence information from the earlier FBI investigation (PENTTBOM) and the Joint Inquiry of 2002), and the studies into building performance carried out by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
• Investigations by non-government organizations that support the mainstream account — such as those by the National Fire Protection Association, and by scientists of Purdue University and Northwestern University.
• Articles supporting these facts and theories appearing in magazines such as Popular Mechanics, Scientific American, and Time.
• Similar articles in news media throughout the world, including The Times of India, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the BBC, Le Monde, Deutsche Welle, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), and The Chosun Ilbo of South Korea.
• President Barack Obama's June 2009 speech to the Muslim world where he said "I am aware that some question or justify the events of 9/11. But let us be clear: al-Qaeda killed nearly 3,000 people on that day."

The 9/11 Commission Report disclosed prior warnings of varying detail of planned attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda. The report said that the government ignored these warnings due to a lack of communication between various law enforcement and intelligence personnel. For the lack of inter-agency communication, the report cited bureaucratic inertia and laws passed in the 1970s to prevent abuses that caused scandals during that era. The report faulted the Clinton and the Bush administrations with “failure of imagination”. Most members of the Democratic and the Republican parties applauded the commission's work.

Variants

Most 9/11 conspiracy theories generally originate from dissatisfaction with the mainstream account of 9/11. Less extensive theories allege that official reports have covered up incompetence or negligence from U.S. personnel or the Bush Administration, or involvement of a foreign government or organization other than al-Qaeda. The most prevalent theories can be broadly divided into two main forms:

• LIHOP ("let it happen on purpose") - suggests that key individuals within the government had at least some foreknowledge of the attacks and deliberately ignored them or actively weakened America's defenses to ensure the hijacked flights were not intercepted.
• MIHOP ("made it happen on purpose") - that key individuals within the government planned the attacks and collaborated with or framed, al-Qaeda in carrying them out. There is a range of opinions about how this might have been achieved.

Main theories

Foreknowledge

Main article: 9/11 advance-knowledge debate

See also: U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks

See also: United States government operations and exercises on September 11, 2001

It has been claimed that action or inaction by U.S. officials with foreknowledge was intended to ensure that the attacks took place successfully. For example, Michael Meacher, former British environment minister and member of Tony Blair's Cabinet until June 2003 claims that the United States knowingly failed to prevent the attacks. Author David Ray Griffin alleges that the 9/11 conspiracy was considerably larger than the government claims and that the entire 9/11 Commission Report "is constructed in support of one big lie: that the official story about 9/11 is true."


One popular conspiracy theory suggests there was a suspiciously high volume of put options placed on United Airlines and American Airlines stocks just before 9/11. According to this theory, trading insiders knew in advance of the coming events of 9/11 and placed their bets accordingly. While this may look suspicious in isolation, the general volume of put trading on these stocks reached similar levels at earlier points in the year. In fact, American Airlines had just released a major warning about possible losses.

Another common claim is that the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) issued a stand down order or deliberately scrambled fighters late to allow the hijacked airplanes to reach their targets without interference. According to this theory, NORAD had the capability of locating and intercepting planes on 9/11, and its failure to do so indicates a government conspiracy to allow the attacks to occur. The Web site emperors-clothes.com argues that the U.S. military failed to do their job. StandDown.net's Mark R. Elsis says "There is only one explanation for this.... Our Air Force was ordered to Stand Down on 9/11."

In September 2001, NORAD generals said they learned of the hijackings in time to scramble fighter jets. Later, the U.S. government released tapes claiming to show the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) did not tell the military about the hijackings until three of the four planes had crashed, a fact that would indicate that the FAA repeatedly lied to other U.S. government agencies.

Phil Molé of Skeptic magazine has explained that it is neither quick nor easy to locate and intercept a plane behaving erratically, and that the hijackers turned off or disabled the onboard radar transponders. Without these transponder signals to identify the airplanes, the hijacked airplanes would have been only blips among 4,500 other blips on NORAD’S radar screens, making them very difficult to track.

According to Popular Mechanics, in fact, only 14 fighter jets were on alert in the contiguous 48 states on 9/11. There was no automated method for the civilian air traffic controllers to alert NORAD. A passenger airline hadn't been hijacked in the US since 1979. "They had to pick up the phone and literally dial us," says Maj. Douglas Martin, public affairs officer for NORAD. According to Popular Mechanics, "In the decade before 9/11, NORAD intercepted only one civilian plane over North America: golfer Payne Stewart's Learjet, in October 1999." With passengers and crew unconscious from cabin decompression, the plane lost radio contact but remained in transponder contact until it crashed. Even so, it took an F-16 22 minutes to reach the stricken jet from the time when contact was lost.


Rules in effect back then, and on 9/11, barred supersonic flight on intercepts. Before 9/11, all other NORAD interceptions were limited to offshore Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ). "Until 9/11 there was no domestic ADIZ," says FAA spokesman Bill Schumann. After 9/11, the FAA and NORAD increased cooperation. They set up hotlines between command centers while NORAD increased its fighter coverage and installed radar to watch airspace over the continent.

World Trade Center collapse

Main article: World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories

Criticism of the reports published by NIST on the destruction of the World Trade Center buildings plays a central role in theories about an alleged controlled demolition. The picture shows the simulated exterior buckling of 7 WTC during the collapse.

The controlled demolition conspiracy theories claim that the collapse of the North Tower, South Tower and 7 World Trade Center was not caused by the plane crash damage, nor by resulting fire damage, but by explosives installed in the buildings in advance. The reasoning behind this explained that if the US Government had planted explosives in the building but made it look like terrorists had done the damage, it would have given them a perfect excuse to go fight in Iraq. However, this theory is rejected by the mainstream media and the engineering community.


Demolition theory proponents, such as physicist Steven E. Jones, architect Richard Gage, software engineer Jim Hoffman, and theologian David Ray Griffin, argue that the aircraft impacts and resulting fires could not have weakened the buildings sufficiently to initiate a catastrophic collapse, and that the buildings would not have collapsed completely, nor at the speeds that they did, without additional energy involved to weaken their structures. Jones has presented the hypothesis that thermite or nanothermite was used to demolish the buildings and says he has found evidence of such explosives in the WTC dust.

Many mainstream scientists refuse to debate conspiracy theorists to avoid giving them unwarranted credibility. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has rejected the theory. Specialists in structural mechanics and structural engineering generally accept the model of a fire-induced, gravity-driven collapse of the World Trade Center buildings, an explanation that does not involve the use of explosives.

This belief that the towers would not have collapsed without external interference (something other than the planes), largely roots from the belief that the burning temperatures of jet fuel (1,000 degrees Celsius) would not melt the steel support structure of the WTC. This would be valid if it weren't for the fact that at 1000 degrees Celsius steel weakens to 10% of its room temperature strength. This alone would be enough for the weight to collapse in on itself, but the damage caused by the plane's impact ensured the collapse.

The Pentagon

The first of the five video frames leaked in 2002 showing the Pentagon just before impact.

The Pentagon, after collapse of the damaged section.

Debris scattered near the Pentagon.

According to some theories, the U.S. administration deliberately chose not to shoot down a plane that was heading for the Pentagon, while others contend that no plane hit the Pentagon at all.

Theories that allege deliberate inaction by the U.S. administration cite former transportation secretary Norman Mineta's testimony to the 9/11 Commission, in which he stated that an aide asked then Vice President Dick Cheney whether the "orders still stand". Cheney answered that they did. Mineta assumed that the orders were to shoot down the plane, while conspiracy theorists see this as an indication that the orders were not to shoot down the plane.

Thierry Meyssan and Dylan Avery argue that American Airlines Flight 77 did not crash into the Pentagon. Instead, they argue that the Pentagon was hit by a missile launched by elements from inside the U.S. government. Reopen911.org says that the holes in the Pentagon walls were far too small to have been made by a Boeing 757: "How does a plane 125 ft. wide and 155 ft. long fit into a hole which is only 60 ft. across?" Meyssan’s book, L’Effroyable Imposture (published in English as 9/11: The Big Lie) became an instant bestseller in France and is available in more than a dozen languages. When released, the book was heavily criticized by the French press. The French newspaper Liberation called the book "a tissue of wild and irresponsible allegations, entirely without foundation."

According to Mete Sozen, a professor of structural engineering at Purdue University, a crashing jet doesn't punch a cartoon-like outline of itself into a reinforced concrete building. When Flight 77 hit the Pentagon, one wing hit the ground and the other was sheared off by the Pentagon's load-bearing columns.


Airplane debris including Flight 77's black boxes, the nose cone, landing gear, an airplane tire, the fuselage, an intact cockpit seat, and the tail number of the airplane were recovered at the crash site. The remains of passengers and crew from Flight 77 were found at the Pentagon crash site and their identities confirmed by DNA analysis. Many eyewitnesses saw the plane strike the Pentagon. Further, Flight 77 passengers made phone calls reporting that their airplane had been hijacked. For example, passenger Renee May called her mother to tell her that the plane had been hijacked and that the passengers had been herded to the back of the plane. Another passenger named Barbara Olson called her husband (US Solicitor General Theodore Olson) and said that the flight had been hijacked, and that the hijackers had knives and box cutters.

Flight 93

The fourth plane hijacked on 9/11, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed in an open field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after the passengers revolted. Out of the four planes hijacked on that day, it was the only one not to reach its target.

One of the popular conspiracy theories surrounding this event is that Flight 93 was actually shot down by a U.S. fighter jet. David Ray Griffin and Alex Jones say that large parts of the plane including the main body of the engine landed miles away from the main wreckage site, too far away for an ordinary plane crash. Jones says that planes usually leave a small debris field when they crash, and that this is not compatible with reports of wreckage found farther away from the main crash site. A posting on Rense.com claimed that the main body of the engine was found miles away from the main wreckage site with damage comparable to that which a heat-seeking missile would do to an airliner.

According to some theories, the plane had to be shot down by the government because passengers had found out about the alleged plot.

According to the magazine Skeptic, "[this] claim rests largely on unsupported assertions that the main body of the engine and other large parts of the plane turned up miles from the main wreckage site, too far away to have resulted from an ordinary crash. This is incorrect, because the engine was found only 300 yards from the main crash site, and its location was consistent with the direction in which the plane had been traveling." Michael K. Hynes, an airline accident expert who investigated the crash of TWA Flight 800 in 1996, says that, at very high velocities of 500 mph or more, it would only take a few seconds to move or tumble across the ground for 300 yards.

Reports of wreckage discovered at Indian Lake by local residents are accurate. CNN reported that investigators found debris from the crash at least eight miles away from the crash site, including in New Baltimore. However, according to CNN, this debris was all very light material that the wind would have easily blown away, and a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article from September 14, 2001 describes the material as "mostly papers", "strands of charred insulation", and an "endorsed paycheck". The same article quotes FBI agent Bill Crowley that, "Lighter, smaller debris probably shot into the air on the heat of a fireball that witnesses said shot several hundred feet into the air after the jetliner crashed. Then, it probably rode a wind that was blowing southeast at about 9 m.p.h." Also, the distance between the crash site and Indian Lake was misreported in some accounts. According to the BBC, "In a straight line, Indian Lake is just over a mile from the crash site. The road between the two locations takes a roundabout route of 6.9 miles — accounting for the erroneous reports."


Some conspiracy theorists believe a small white jet seen flying over the crash area may have fired a missile to shoot down Flight 93.^{[dubious – discuss]} However, government agencies such as the FBI assert this was a Dassault Falcon business jet asked to descend to an altitude of around 1500 ft to survey the impact. Ben Sliney, who was the FAA operation manager on September 11, 2001, says no military aircraft were near Flight 93.

Some internet videos, such as Loose Change, speculate that Flight 93 safely landed in Ohio, and a substituted plane was involved in the crash in Pennsylvania. Often cited is a preliminary news report that Flight 93 landed at a Cleveland airport; it was later learned that Delta Flight 1989 was the plane confused with Flight 93, and the report was retracted as inaccurate. Several websites within the 9/11 Truth Movement dispute this claim, citing the wreckage at the scene, eyewitness testimony, and the difficulty of secretly substituting one plane for another, and claim that such "hoax theories... appear calculated to alienate victims' survivors and the larger public from the 9/11 truth movement". The editor of the article has since written a rebuttal to the claims.


The woman who took the only photograph of the mushroom cloud from the impact of Flight 93 hitting the ground says she has been harassed by conspiracy theorists, who claim she faked the photo. The FBI, the Smithsonian, and the National Park Service’s Flight 93 National Memorial have found it to be authentic.

Conspiracy theorists have claimed that passengers of Flight 93 and or Flight 77, were murdered or that they were relocated, with the intent that they never be found.

Hijackers

See also: Hijackers in the September 11 attacks and 9/11 advance-knowledge debate#Blocked al-Qaeda investigations

During the initial confusion surrounding the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, the BBC published the names and identities of some of the hijackers. Although this story was superseded by subsequent reporting, the original story has been cited as evidence that the 9/11 attacks were part of a US government conspiracy. The BBC explained that this confusion may have arisen because the names they reported back in 2001 were common Arabic and Islamic names. In response to a request from the BBC, the FBI stated:

The FBI is confident that it has positively identified the nineteen hijackers responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Also, the 9/11 investigation was thoroughly reviewed by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States and the House and Senate Joint Inquiry. Neither of these reviews ever raised the issue of doubt about the identity of the nineteen hijackers.

The New York Times also acknowledged these as cases of mistaken identity.

According to Managing Editor John Bradley of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the only public information about the hijackers was a list of names issued by the FBI on September 14, 2001. When the FBI released photographs four days after the cited reports on September 27, the mistaken identities were quickly resolved. According to Bradley, "all of this is attributable to the chaos that prevailed during the first few days following the attack. What we're dealing with are coincidentally identical names." In Saudi Arabia, says Bradley, the names of two of the allegedly surviving attackers, Said al-Ghamdi and Walid al-Shari, are "as common as John Smith in the United States or Great Britain."

Phone calls

After 9/11, cellular experts said that calls were able to be placed from the hijacked planes, and that they were surprised that they lasted as long as they did. They said that the only reason that the calls went through in the first place is that the aircraft were flying so close to the ground. Alexa Graf, an AT&T spokesperson said it was almost a fluke that the calls reached their destinations. Other industry experts said that it is possible to use cell phones with varying degrees of success during the ascent and descent of commercial airline flights. Marvin Sirbu, professor of engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University said on September 14, 2001, that "The fact of the matter is that cell phones can work in almost all phases of a commercial flight."


According to the 9/11 Commission Report, 13 passengers from Flight 93 made a total of over 30 calls to both family and emergency personnel (twenty-two confirmed air phone calls, two confirmed cell phone and eight not specified in the report). According to Debunk911myths.org, all but two calls from Flight 93 were made on air phones, not cell phones, and both calls lasted about a minute before being dropped. Brenda Raney, Verizon Wireless spokesperson, said that Flight 93 was supported by several cell sites. There were reportedly three phone calls from Flight 11, five from Flight 175, and three calls from Flight 77. Two calls from these flights were recorded, placed by flight attendants Madeleine Sweeney and Betty Ong on Flight 11.

Jewish and Israeli involvement

See also: 9/11 advance-knowledge debate#Israel

There are theories that 9/11 was part of an international Jewish conspiracy. According to Cinnamon Stillwell, another myth popular with 9/11 conspiracy theorists is that 4,000 Jewish employees skipped work at the World Trade Center on September 11. This was first reported on September 17 by the Lebanese Hezbollah-owned satellite television channel Al-Manar and is believed to be based on the September 12 edition of the Jerusalem Post that stated "The Foreign Ministry in Jerusalem has so far received the names of 4,000 Israelis believed to have been in the areas of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon at the time of the attacks." Both turned out to be incorrect; the number of Jews who died in the attacks is variously estimated at between 270 to 400. The lower figure tracks closely with the percentage of Jews living in the New York area and partial surveys of the victims' listed religion. The U.S. State Department has published a partial list of 76 in response to claims that fewer Jews/Israelis died in the WTC attacks than should have been present at the time. Five Israeli citizens died in the attack.


It has been claimed that Israeli agents may have had foreknowledge of the attacks. Four hours after the attack, the FBI arrested five Israelis who had been filming the smoking skyline from the roof of a white van in the parking lot of an apartment building, for "puzzling behavior". The Israelis were said to have been videotaping the disaster with cries of "joy and mockery".

Other theories

Cover-up allegations

Conspiracy theorists say they detect a pattern of behavior on the part of officials investigating the September 11 attack meant to suppress the emergence of evidence that might contradict the mainstream account.^{[citation needed]}

Cockpit recorders

According to the 9/11 Commission Report, the cockpit voice recorders (CVR) or flight data recorders (FDR), or "black boxes", from Flights 11 and 175 were not recovered from the remains of the WTC attack; however, two men, Michael Bellone and Nicholas DeMasi, who worked extensively in the wreckage of the World Trade Center, stated in the book Behind-The-Scenes: Ground Zero that they helped federal agents find three of the four "black boxes" from the jetliners:

"At one point I was assigned to take Federal Agents around the site to search for the black boxes from the planes. We were getting ready to go out. My ATV was parked at the top of the stairs at the Brooks Brothers entrance area. We loaded up about a million dollars worth of equipment and strapped it into the ATV. There were a total of four black boxes. We found three."

The cockpit voice recorder from Flight 77 was heavily damaged from the impact and resulting fire.

Ted Lopatkiewicz, spokesman for the National Transportation Safety Board, remarked that "It's extremely rare that we don't get the recorders back. I can't recall another domestic case in which we did not recover the recorders."

According to the 9/11 Commission Report, both black boxes from Flight 77 and both black boxes from Flight 93 were recovered. However, the CVR from Flight 77 was said to be too damaged to yield any data. On April 18, 2002, the FBI allowed the families of victims from Flight 93 to listen to the voice recordings. In April 2006, a transcript of the CVR was released as part of the Zacarias Moussaoui trial. Some conspiracy theorists^[who?] do not believe that the black boxes were damaged and that instead there has been a cover up of evidence.^{[citation needed]}

Bin Laden tapes

Main article: Videos of Osama bin Laden

A series of interviews, audio and videotapes have been released since the 9/11 attacks that have been reported to be from Osama bin Laden. At first the speaker denied responsibility for the attacks but over the years has taken increasing responsibility for them culminating in a November 2007 audiotape in which the speaker claimed sole responsibility for the attacks and denied the Taliban and the Afghan government or people had any prior knowledge of the attacks. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, the speaker was most likely Osama bin Laden. Some observers, especially people in the Muslim world, doubt the authenticity of the tape.

Foreign governments

See also: Responsibility for the September 11 attacks#Other alleged responsibility and 9/11 advanced-knowledge debate#Foreign government foreknowledge

There are allegations that individuals within the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) may have played an important role in financing the attacks. There are also claims that other foreign intelligence agencies, such as the Israeli Mossad, had foreknowledge of the attacks, and that Saudi Arabia may have played a role in financing the attacks. Francesco Cossiga, former President of Italy from 1985 until his resignation over Operation Gladio, asserts that it is common knowledge among democratic circles in the U.S. and Europe, and primarily in the Italian center-left, that the 9/11 attacks were a joint operation of the CIA and the Mossad. General Hamid Gul, a former head of ISI, believes the attacks were an “inside job” originating in the United States, perpetrated by Israel or neo-conservatives.

The theory that such foreign individuals outside of al-Qaeda were involved is often part of larger “inside job” theories, although it has been claimed that, while al-Qaeda deserves most of the responsibility, the alleged role played by Pakistan, Israel or Saudi Arabia was deliberately overlooked by the official investigation for political reasons.^{[citation needed]}

No plane theories

The "no plane theory," promoted by internet-only videos like 911 Taboo, asserts that this shot of the second impact, taken from a news helicopter, depicts a video composite of a Boeing 767 accidentally appearing from behind a Layer Mask.

Nico Haupt and Morgan Reynolds, formerly the chief economist within the Labor Department under the Bush administration argue that no planes were used in the attacks. Reynolds claims it is physically impossible that the Boeing planes of Flights 11 and 175, being largely aluminium, could have penetrated the steel frames of the Towers, and that digital compositing was used to depict the plane crashes in both news reports and subsequent amateur video. "There were no planes, there were no hijackers," Reynolds insists. "I know, I know, I'm out of the mainstream, but that's the way it is." According to David Shayler, "The only explanation is that they were missiles surrounded by holograms made to look like planes," he says. "Watch footage frame by frame and you will see a cigar-shaped missile hitting the World Trade Center." Truth movement veterans tend to distance themselves from "no-planers". Discussion of no plane theories have been banned from certain conspiracy theory websites while advocates have been threatened with violence by posters at other conspiracy theory websites.

Reptilian shape-shifting aliens

See also: David Icke

David Icke argues that reptilian, shape-shifting extraterrestrial humanoids are responsible for the 9/11 attacks. According to Icke, a reptilian global elite is behind all things that occur in the world. Icke's theories are rejected by 911blogger.com and other conspiracy theory sites.

Drug industry cartel

In September 2009 public health expert Leonard G. Horowitz and journalist Sherri Kane published online and sent to the F.B.I. an affidavit with documents they claim prove the 9/11 attacks were part of a population reduction conspiracy by an international drug industry cartel that involves leading business and media figures. The pair alleged the documents show a link between the 9/11 attacks, Larry Silverstein and a conspiracy that also involved creating the swine flu pandemic.

Motives

Pax Americana

Main article: Pax Americana

The Defense Planning Guidance of 1992, was drafted by Paul Wolfowitz on behalf of then Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney. This was described as "a blueprint for permanent American global hegemony" by Andrew J. Bacevich in his book American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy.

The Project for the New American Century (PNAC) is a neoconservative think tank. In September 2000 they released a strategic treatise entitled Rebuilding America's Defences. At that time the think tank's members included Paul Wolfowitz, Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld and others that would become influential members of the Bush Administration. David Ray Griffin in his 2004 book The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11 argued that the treatise may have been the blueprint for 9/11 attacks. Specifically the language in the paper that read "the process of transformation, even if it brings revolutionary change, is likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event – like a new Pearl Harbor" was describing an alleged motive. Matt Taibbi, in his book The Great Derangement argued that conspiracy theorists have taken what is written in the paper "completely out of context", and that the "transformation" referenced in the paper is explicitly stated to be a decades-long process to turn the Cold War-era military into a "new, modern military" which could deal with more localized conflicts. He further ridicules this position by pointing out that, for this to be evidence of motive, that either those responsible decided to openly state their objectives, or read the paper in 2000 and quickly laid the groundwork for the 9/11 attacks using it as inspiration.

Invasions

There are claims that the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq were both planned in advance of 9/11. The military intelligence journal Jane's Intelligence Weekly reported on March 15, 2001, that India was believed to have joined Russia, the USA and Iran in a concerted front against Afghanistan's Taliban regime, and that the efforts of the four countries facilitated the capture of a strategic town in Afghanistan by the Northern Alliance. The BBC reported on September 18, 2001 that Niaz Naik, a former Pakistani Foreign Secretary, was told by senior American officials in mid-July that military action against Afghanistan would go ahead by the middle of October. MSNBC reported on May 16, 2002 that unspecified "U.S. and foreign sources" said President George W. Bush received plans on September 9, 2001 to begin a worldwide war on al-Qaeda but did not have the chance to sign it before the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington.

Conspiracy theorists^[who?] have questioned whether the Oil Factor and 9/11 provided the United States and the United Kingdom with a reason to launch a war they had wanted for some time, and suggest that this gives them a strong motive for either carrying out the attacks, or allowing them to take place. For instance, Andreas von Bülow, a former research minister in the German government, has argued that 9/11 was staged to justify the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Suggested historical precedents

Time magazine contrasts events which inspired past conspiracy theories with those that inspire 9/11 conspiracy theories such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Whereas the assassination of Kennedy was a private, intimate affair, the attack on the World Trade Center was witnessed by millions of people and documented by hundreds of videographers. Time magazine explains that "there is no event so plain and clear that a determined human being can't find ambiguity in it."

Media reaction

While discussion and coverage of these theories is mainly confined to internet pages, books, documentary films, and conversation, a number of mainstream news outlets around the world have covered the issue.

The Norwegian version of the July 2006 Le Monde diplomatique sparked interest when they ran, on their own initiative, a three page main story on the 9/11 attacks and summarized the various types of 9/11 conspiracy theories (which were not specifically endorsed by the newspaper, only recensed). The Voltaire Network, which has changed position since the September 11 attacks and whose director, Thierry Meyssan, became a leading proponent of 9/11 conspiracy theory, explained that although the Norwegian version of Le Monde diplomatique had allowed it to translate and publish this article on its website, the mother-house, in France, categorically refused it this right, thus displaying an open debate between various national editions. In December 2006, the French version published an article by Alexander Cockburn, co-editor of CounterPunch, which strongly criticized the endorsement of conspiracy theories by the U.S. left-wing, alleging that it was a sign of "theoretical emptiness."


Also, on the Canadian website for CBC News: The Fifth Estate, a program titled, "Conspiracy Theories: uncovering the facts behind the myths of Sept. 11, 2001" was broadcast on October 29, 2003, stating that what they found may be more surprising than any theories.

An article in the September 11, 2006 edition of Time magazine comments that the major 9/11 conspiracy theories “depend on circumstantial evidence, facts without analysis or documentation, quotes taken out of context and the scattered testimony of traumatized eyewitnesses”, and enjoy continued popularity because “the idea that there is a malevolent controlling force orchestrating global events is, in a perverse way, comforting”. It concludes that “conspiracy theories are part of the process by which Americans deal with traumatic public events” and constitute “an American form of national mourning.”

The Daily Telegraph published an article titled "The CIA couldn't have organised this..." which said "The same people who are making a mess of Iraq were never so clever or devious that they could stage a complex assault on two narrow towers of steel and glass" and "if there is a nefarious plot in all this bad planning, it is one improvised by a confederacy of dunces". This article mainly attacked a group of scientists led by Professor Steven E. Jones, now called Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice. They said "most of them aren't scientists but instructors... at second-rate colleges".

A major Australian newspaper The Daily Telegraph, published an article in May 2007 that was highly critical of Loose Change 2, a movie which presents a 9/11 conspiracy theory.


Doug MacEachern in a May 2008 column for the Arizona Republic wrote that while many "9/11 truthers" are not crackpots that espouse "crackpot conspiracy theories". He wrote that supporters of the theories fail to take into account both human nature and that nobody has come forward claiming they were participants in the alleged conspiracies. This view seconded by Timothy Giannuzzi, a Calgary Herald op-ed columnist specializing in foreign policy.

On June 7, 2008, The Financial Times Magazine published a lengthy article on the 9/11 Truth Movement and 9/11 conspiracy theories.

Charlie Brooker a British multimedia personality in a July 2008 column published by The Guardian as part of its "Comment is free" series agreed that 9/11 conspiracy theorists fail to take in account human fallacies and added that believing in these theories gives theorists a sense of belonging to a community that shares privileged information thus giving the theorists a delusional sense of power. The commentary generated over 1700 online responses, the largest in the history of the series.


On September 12, 2008, Russian State Television broadcast in prime time a documentary made by Member of the European Parliament Giulietto Chiesa entitled Zero sympathetic to those who question the mainstream account of the attacks according to Chiesa. According to Thierry Meyssan in conjunction with the documentary, Russian State Television aired a debate on the subject. The panel consisted of members from several countries including 12 Russians who hold divergent views. The motive of Russian State Television in broadcasting the documentary was questioned by a commentator from The Other Russia who noted that Russian State Television had a history of broadcasting programs involving conspiracy theories involving the United States government.

Nasir Mahmood in a commentary printed by the Pakistan Observer wrote favorably about a 9/11 truth lecture and film festival held in California and quoted a Jewish speaker at that festival who said that none of the 19 suspected hijackers had been proven guilty of anything and compared racism against Muslims resulting from what he called false accusations to the racism against Jews in the Nazi era.

On November 10, 2008, ITN broadcast a story summarizing various 9/11 conspiracy theories.

The emergence of the birther movement in 2009 has led to comparisons between that movement and the 9/11 Truth Movement, with both movements seen in a very negative light. Moon Landing conspiracy theories have also been compared to the birther and 9/11 conspiracy theories. James Borne, a journalist for The Times who covered the September 11 Attacks, described his assignment covering a 9/11 truth meeting "Perhaps the most intellectually scary assignment I have had in recent years".


On August 31, 2009, the National Geographic Channel aired the program 9/11 Science and Conspiracy, in which the Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center tested some of the claims frequently made by those who question the official 9/11 account. Specifically, the experiments concluded that burning jet fuel alone can sufficiently raise the temperature of a steel support column to the point of structural failure, that a controlled demolition using conventional techniques would leave clear evidence that was not found at Ground Zero, that using thermite is not an effective technique to melt a steel column, and that even if thermite chemical signatures were found, it would be impossible to tell if thermite was actually used or if the traces came from the reaction of aircraft aluminum with other substances in the fire. The testing also concluded that the type of hole found at the Pentagon was consistent with the mainstream scenario, and that damage from a bombing or missile attack would differ from the damage that occurred. In the program, several prominent 9/11 conspiracy theorists viewed rough edits of the experiments, and expressed their disagreement with the findings.

Denver public television KBDI has aired 9/11 truth documentaries several times. The stations spokesperson claimed airing these documentaries have been a boom for the stations fund raising efforts.

In popular culture

In June 2005 the popular murder mystery programme German State Television -Tatort ran an episode in which a woman who claims the 9/11 attacks were instigated by the Bush family for oil and power is targeted by FBI and CIA hitmen after her male roommate is found dead. The roommate was trained to be a 9/11 pilot but was left behind. The episode viewed by 7 million people ended when the detectives investigating the death believed her and she escapes to an unnamed Arab country. In season 10 of the animated show South Park, the episode "Mystery of the Urinal Deuce" centers around 9/11 conspiracy theories. After Eric Cartman, a main character in the show, blames Kyle Broflovski of causing 9/11, Kyle and his friend Stan Marsh end up in the White house, where they are told that the government did in fact cause the 9/11 attacks. They escape, and eventually it is revealed that the government wants people to think that they caused 9/11, so that they think the government has more power than it does. A Rescue Me episode featured a character played by actor Daniel Sunjata who is a 9/11 conspiracy theorist in real life, explaining to a French journalist that the 9/11 attacks were a “neoconservative government effort” to create a new Pearl Harbor to control oil and increase military spending. According to Dennis Leary major plot lines in the first 10 episodes of the shows season 5 revolved around reinvestigation and conspiracy theories surrounding the 9/11 attacks.

Criticism

Critics of these conspiracy theories say they are a form of conspiracism common throughout history after a traumatic event in which conspiracy theories emerge as a mythic form of explanation. A related criticism addresses the form of research on which the theories are based. Thomas W. Eagar, an engineering professor at MIT, suggested they "use the 'reverse scientific method'. They determine what happened, throw out all the data that doesn't fit their conclusion, and then hail their findings as the only possible conclusion." Eagar's criticisms also exemplify a common stance that the theories are best ignored. "I've told people that if the argument gets too mainstream, I'll engage in the debate." This, he continues, happened when Steve Jones took up the issue.

Michael Shermer, writing in Scientific American, said: "The mistaken belief that a handful of unexplained anomalies can undermine a well-established theory lies at the heart of all conspiratorial thinking. All the evidence for a 9/11 conspiracy falls under the rubric of this fallacy. Such notions are easily refuted by noting that scientific theories are not built on single facts alone but on a convergence of evidence assembled from multiple lines of inquiry."

Scientific American, Popular Mechanics, and The Skeptic's Dictionary have published articles that rebut various 9/11 conspiracy theories. Proponents of these conspiracy theories have attacked the contribution to the Popular Mechanics article by senior researcher Ben Chertoff, who they say is a cousin of Michael Chertoff — former head of Homeland Security. However, U.S. News says no actual connection has been revealed and Ben Chertoff has denied the allegation. Popular Mechanics has published a book entitled Debunking 9/11 Myths that expands upon the research first presented in the article. In the foreword for the book Senator John McCain wrote that blaming the U.S. government for the events "mars the memories of all those lost on that day" and "exploits the public's anger and sadness. It shakes Americans' faith in their government at a time when that faith is already near an all-time low. It trafficks in ugly, unfounded accusations of extraordinary evil against fellow Americans." Der Spiegel dismissed 9/11 conspiracy theories as a "panoply of the absurd", stating "as diverse as these theories and their adherents may be, they share a basic thought pattern: great tragedies must have great reasons." David Ray Griffin has published a book entitled Debunking 9/11 Debunking: An Answer to Popular Mechanics and Other Defenders of the Official Conspiracy Theory,^{[citation needed]} and Jim Hoffman has written an article called 'popular mechanics assault on 9/11 truth" where he attacks the methods Popular Mechanics uses in forming their arguments.^{[citation needed]}


Journalist Matt Taibbi, in his book The Great Derangement, discusses 9/11 conspiracy theories as symptomatic of what he calls the "derangement" of American society; a disconnection from reality due to widespread "disgust with our political system". Drawing a parallel with the Charismatic movement, he argues that both "chose to battle bugbears that were completely idiotic, fanciful, and imaginary," instead of taking control of their own lives. While critical, Taibbi explains that 9/11 conspiracy theories are different from "Clinton-era black-helicopter paranoia", and constitute more than "a small, scattered group of nutcases [...] they really were, just as they claim to be, almost everyone you meet.". Taibbi also argued that 9/11 conspiracy theorists form "completely and utterly retarded" narratives to explain the attacks because of "defiant unfamiliarity with the actual character of America's ruling class".

Historian Kenneth J. Dillon argues that 9/11 conspiracy theories represent an overly easy target for skeptics and that their criticisms obfuscate the underlying issue of what actually happened if there wasn't a conspiracy. He suggests that the answer is criminal negligence on the part of the president and vice president, who were repeatedly warned, followed by a cover-up conspiracy after 9/11. This was expanded upon by columnist Matt Mankelow writing for the Socialist Workers Online. He concludes that 9/11 truthers while "desperately trying to legitimately question a version of events" end up playing into the hands of the neoconservatives they are trying to take down by creating a diversion. Mankelow noted that this has irritated many people who are politically left wing.

British historian Antony Beevor wrote in January 2009 that "studies of internet sites reveal an unholy alliance between left-wing 9/11 conspiracy theorists, right-wing Holocaust deniers and Islamic fundamentalists". He claimed that 9/11 and other conspiracy theories are a result of a "Wikipedia age" phenomenon that author Damian Thompson dubbed "counterknowledge". It allegedly involves people "seizing upon one or two minor discrepancies in a government report, then joining up all the wrong dots to create a monstrous fable". He believes "counterknowledge" is potentially greater threat to liberal democracy than Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin.

David Aaronovitch, a columnist for The Times, in his book entitled The Role of the Conspiracy Theory in Shaping Modern History that was published in May 2009, claimed that the theories strain credulity.

In the political arena

Former Canadian Liberal Party leader Stéphane Dion forced a candidate from Winnipeg, Lesley Hughes, to terminate her campaign after earlier writings from Hughes surfaced in which Hughes wrote that U.S., German, Russian and Israeli intelligence officials knew about the 9/11 attacks in advance. Earlier, Peter Kent, Deputy Editor of Global Television News and Conservative Party candidate in the 2008 Canadian election, had called for Hughes's resignation saying that the 9/11 truth movement is "one of Canada’s most notorious hatemongering fringe movements" composed of "conspiracy theorists who are notorious for holding anti-Semitic views." On June 16, 2009, Hughes sued Kent, the Canadian Jewish Congress, the B'Nai Brith of Canada and four senior members of the two organizations alleging the anti-Semitic allegations were untrue and defamatory and ruined her career. Later another Conservative Party candidate called for the leader of the New Democratic Party to fire a candidate for her pro 9/11 truth views.

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a Holocaust denier, described the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers as a "suspect event" and suggests that the Bush Administration was involved in 9/11.


In 2008 calls for the resignation of Richard Falk, the special rapporteur on human rights in the Palestinian territories for the United Nations, were partially based on his support investigating the validity of 9/11 conspiracy theories.

In February 2009, Aymeric Chauprade (fr), a professor of geopolitics at CID military college in Paris, was fired by French Defence Minister Herve Morin for writing a book entitled ’’Chronicle of the Clash of Civilizations’’ that espoused 9/11 conspiracy theories.

In September 2009 Van Jones, an adviser to US President Barack Obama, resigned after his signature on a 2004 petition calling for an investigation into whether government officials deliberately allowed the 9/11 attacks to occur and other controversial statements came to light drawing criticism. Van Jones said he was a victim of a smear campaign, adding that he does not currently, nor ever has agreed with that theory.

Notes

references

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^ Greenspan: Oil the Prime Motive for Iraq War

^ "NIST NCSTAR 1: Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster". NIST. September 2005. pp. 146. http://wtc.nist.gov/NCSTAR1/. Retrieved 2009-07-07.

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^ Bazant, Zdenek P. and Mathieu Verdure. "Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions" in Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE, Volume 133, Issue 3, pp. 308-319 (March 2007). Bazant and Verdure write, "As generally accepted by the community of specialists in structural mechanics and structural engineering (though not by a few outsiders claiming a conspiracy with planted explosives), the failure scenario was as follows...." (continues with a four-part scenario of progressive structural failure).

^ Feuer, Alan (June 5, 2006). "500 Conspiracy Buffs Meet to Seek the Truth of 9/11". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/us/05conspiracy.html. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

^ Griffin, David Ray (2007). Debunking 9/11 Debunking: An Answer to Popular Mechanics and Other Defenders of the Official Conspiracy Theory. Olive Branch Press. ISBN 156656686X.

^ The following news media state that the movement is being known as or being called "9/11 Truth movement":

• Hayes, Christopher (10 December 2006). "The 9/11 Truth Movement's Dangers". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/08/opinion/main2242387.shtml. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
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• Barry, Ellen (10 September 2006). "9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Gather in N.Y.". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2006/sep/10/nation/na-conspiracy10. Retrieved 30 May 2009. "a group known as the 9/11 Truth Movement"
• Hunt, H.E. (19 November 2008). "The 30 greatest conspiracy theories — part 1". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html. Retrieved 30 May 2009. "A large group of people — collectively called the 9/11 Truth Movement"
• Kay, Jonathan (25 April 2009). "Richard Gage: 9/11 truther extraordinaire". National Post. http://www.nationalpost.com/story.html?id=1532386. Retrieved 30 May 2009. "The ‘9/11 Truth Movement,’ as it is now commonly called"

^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Knight, Peter (2008). "Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States". New German Critique 35 (1). http://ngc.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/35/1_103/165.pdf. Retrieved June 9, 2009.

^ Knight, Peter (2008). "Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States". New German Critique 35 (1): 168–169. http://ngc.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/35/1_103/165.pdf. Retrieved June 9, 2009. "Although immensely popular in Europe (and soon translated into Arabic), these early conspiracy accounts were treated by the U.S. media with either bafflement or amusement and were dismissed by the U.S. government as the product of anti-Americanism.".

^ Johnson, Ian (September 29, 2003). "Conspiracy Theories about Sept. 11 Get Hearing in Germany". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB106479068042179400,00.html. Retrieved June 9, 2009.

^ Bush, George Walker (2001-11-10). "Remarks by the President To United Nations General Assembly". White House. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/11/20011110-3.html.

^ "National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions". NIST. http://wtc.nist.gov/pubs/factsheets/faqs_8_2006.htm.

^ "The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories". Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. 2006-09-16. http://www.america.gov/st/pubs-english/2006/September/20060828133846esnamfuaK0.2676355.html.

^ "Strategy for Winning the War on Terror". White House. September 2006. http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nsct/2006/sectionV.html.

^ BBC

^ USA Today

^ Scotsman.com

^ Breaking News | Latest News | Current News - FOXNews.com

^ San Francisco Bay Area

^ Boston.com

^ Wolf, Jim (2006-09-02). "U.S rebuts 9/11 homegrown conspiracy theories". Reuters. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/02/AR2006090200527.html.

^ ^{a b} Grossman, Lev (2006-09-03). "Why The 9/11 Conspiracies Won't Go Away". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1531304-1,00.html.

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^ "The 30 greatest conspiracy theories The Telegraph November 19, 2008". The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-19. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ "Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd". Nmauk.co.uk. 2009-02-23. http://www.nmauk.co.uk/nma/do/live/factsAndFigures. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

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^ "World Trade Center Building Performance Study". http://www.fema.gov/rebuild/mat/wtcstudy.shtm.

^ Meigs, James (2006-10-13). "The Conspiracy Industry". Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/research/4199607.html.

^ "Behind Purdue’s computing simulation on the 2001 World Trade Center attack ZDNET June 20, 2007". Blogs.zdnet.com. http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=5442. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ Herman, Steve (2007-06-20). "Purdue study supports WTC collapse findings". Usatoday.com. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2007-06-20-fireproofing-wtc-collapse_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

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^ "America's Day of Terror". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/americas/2001/day_of_terror/.

^ "Depuis le 11-Septembre, la menace terroriste est devenue permanente". Le Monde. http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3222,36-687756@51-641954,0.html.

^ "Sept. 11: One Year Later". Deutsche Welle. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,623034,00.html.

^ "Bin Laden tape shown days before 9/11 anniversary". ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2006/s1736235.htm.

^ "Korean's Memories of 9/11 Still Fresh Five Years On". The Chosun Ilbo. http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609110002.html.

^ June 05, 2009 (2009-06-05). "Excerpts from President Obama's speech Los Angeles Times June 5, 2009". Latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-obama-excerpts5-2009jun05,0,7535721.story. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

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^ ^{a b c} Sales, Nancy Jo. Click Here For Conspiracy, Vanity Fair July 9, 2006

^ The Real Lessons of 9/11 by Robert Parry for consortiuumnes.com

^ What Is Your "hop" Level? - Ten Scenarios Of What May Have Happened On September 11th, 2001, Summeroftruth.org

^ ^{a b} "The evolution of a conspiracy theory". BBC News. 4 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7488159.stm. Retrieved 2008-07-27.

^ "Michael Meacher: This war on terrorism is bogus Politics". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2003/sep/06/september11.iraq. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ "Meacher sparks fury over claims on September 11 and Iraq war Politics". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2003/sep/06/uk.iraq. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ David Ray Griffin. "The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-page Lie". http://www.911truth.org/article.php?story=20050523112738404.

^ Unusual Option Market Activity and the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 Allen M. Poteshman 2006 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign pdf.

^ ^{a b c} Mol, Phil. "eSkeptic » Monday, September 11th, 2006". Skeptic. http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/06-09-11. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ ^{a b c d e f} Editors, The. "Debunking the 9/11 Myths: Special Report". Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/defense/1227842.html?page=3. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ ^{a b} David Aaronovitch (2009-04-29). "9/11 conspiracy theories: The truth is out there...just not on the internet". The Times. http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6187493.ece. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

^ ^{a b} Powell, Michael (September 8, 2006). "9/11 conspiracy theorists multiply". The Washington Post. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14723997//. Retrieved September 21, 2009.

^ 9/11: The Conspiracy Files. BBC News. 2007-02-18.

^ Clarke, Steve. "Conspiracy Theories and the Internet: Controlled Demolition and Arrested Development". Episteme, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 167-180.

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^ Dean, Suzanne (April 10, 2006). "Physicist says heat substance felled WTC". Deseret Morning News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,635198488,00.html. Retrieved May 7, 2009.

^ Barber, Peter (June 7, 2008). "The truth is out there". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8d66e778-3128-11dd-ab22-000077b07658.html. Retrieved May 23, 2009.

^ "Great Day Talks To Architect Richard Gage About 9/11". KMPH Fox 26. http://www.kmph.com/global/video/flash/popupplayer.asp?ClipID1=3804709&h1=Great%20Day%20Talks%20To%20Architect%20Richard%20Gage%20About%209/11&vt1=v&at1=Promotion%201&d1=449534&LaunchPageAdTag=Search%20Results&activePane=info&rnd=89888300. Retrieved May 28, 2009.

^ "9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Thriving". CBS News. 2006-08-06. http://209.85.135.132/search?q=cache:U8bhYz1aoksJ:www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/08/06/ap/national/mainD8JB6LTG0.shtml+%229/11+Conspiracy+Theorists+Thriving%22+site:cbsnews.com&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk. Retrieved July 12, 2009.

^ Bažant, Zdeněk P.; Mathieu Verdure (March 2007). "Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions". J Engrg Mech 133 (3): 308–319. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:3(308). http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/people/bazant/PDFs/Papers/466.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-22. "As generally accepted by the community of specialists in structural mechanics and structural engineering (though not by a few outsiders claiming a conspiracy with planted explosives), the failure scenario was as follows [...]".

^ Gravois, John (June 23, 2006). "Professors of Paranoia?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i42/42a01001.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-26.

^ Asquith, Christina (2006-09-07). "Conspiracies continue to abound surrounding 9/11: on the eve of the fifth anniversary, a group of professors say the attacks were an "inside job."". Diverse Issues in Higher Education: 12. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WMX/is_15_23/ai_n27000635/pg_1?tag=artBody;col1. Retrieved 2008-10-09.

^ ~~~~http://wtc.nist.gov/pubs/factsheets/faqs_8_2006.htm

^ Videos Released Of Plane Crashing Into Pentagon May 17, 2006

^ ^{a b c d e} Editors, The. "Popular Mechanics". Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/1227842.html?do=print. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ "US invented air attack on Pentagon, claims French book | World news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/01/september11.france. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ Paul Reynolds (2006-05-16). "Conspiracy theorists down but not out". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4990686.stm. Retrieved 2009-09-26.

^ "The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories". America.gov. http://www.america.gov/st/webchat-english/2009/May/20060828133846esnamfuaK0.2676355.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ ^{a b c} "Programmes | Conspiracy Files | Q&A: What really happened". BBC News. 2007-02-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/conspiracy_files/6341851.stm#8. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ ^{a b} The Crash of Flight 93: Evidence Indicates Flight 93 Was Shot Down 2006-12-20

^ ^{a b c} 9/11 conspiracy theories: The truth is out there...just not on the internet by David Aaronovitch for The Times April 29, 2009

^ Skeptic: The Skeptics Society & Skeptic magazine

^ "'Black box' from Pennsylvania crash found". CNN. September 13, 2001. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/13/penn.attack/. Retrieved July 19, 2009.

^ O'Toole, James; Tom Gibb and Cindi Lash (2001-09-14). "Flight data recorder may hold clues to suicide flight". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/headlines/20010914scene0914p2.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-12.

^ "Flight 93". Debunking the 9/11 Myths: Special Report. Popular Mechanics. March 2005. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/defense/1227842.html?page=7. Retrieved 2009-07-12.

^ Carlin, John (2002-08-13). "Unanswered questions". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/unanswered-questions-the-mystery-of-flight-93-639770.html. Retrieved 2009-07-12.

^ 60 Seconds: Ben Sliney October 4, 2006

^ "Physics911 Frequently Asked Questions section". http://www.physics911.net/faq.htm.

^ "9/11 Conspiracy Theories: The 9/11 Truth Movement in Perspective". http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/06-09-11.

^ 9-11 Review

^ WCPO.com's Flight 93 Story (Archived by the Wayback Machine)

^ "Picture Made on 9/11 Takes a Toll on Photographer". http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/us/10cnd-shanksville.html.

^ "AMERICAS | The investigation and the evidence". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1581063.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ Steve Herrmann (2006-10-27). "9/11 Conspiracy Theory, by Steve Hermann, BBC Editor". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2006/10/911_conspiracy_theory_1.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ After the Attacks: Missed Cues; Saudi May Have Been Suspected in Error, Officials Say September 16, 2001

^ Panoply of the Absurd September 08, 2003

^ Will They Allow Cell Phones on Planes? Elliot.org September 19, 2001

^ ^{a b} Betsy Harter (November 1, 2001). "Final Contact". Telephony Online. http://telephonyonline.com/wireless/ar/wireless_final_contact/.

^ ^{a b} Romero, Simon. "After the Attacks: Communications; New Perspective on the Issue Of Cell Phone Use in Planes". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/14/us/after-attacks-communications-new-perspective-issue-cell-phone-use-planes.html. Retrieved July 8, 2009. "According to industry experts, it is possible to use cell phones with varying success during the ascent and descent of commercial airline flights, although the difficulty of maintaining a signal appears to increase as planes gain altitude."

^ "Phone calls". http://www.debunk911myths.org/topics/Phone_calls.

^ Cinnamon Stillwell (2006-04-19). "The Truth About 9/11 Conspiracy Theories". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/gate/archive/2006/04/19/cstillwell.DTL. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

^ Internet Archive "which appeared in the September 12th internet edition of the Jerusalem Post. It stated, "The Foreign Ministry in Jerusalem has so far received the names of 4,000 Israelis believed to have been in the areas of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon at the time of the attacks."

^ A survey of the 1,700 victims whose religion was listed found approximately 10% were Jewish indicating around 270 in total. A survey based on the last names of victims found that around 400 (15½%) were possibly Jewish. A survey of 390 Cantor Fitzgerald employees who had public memorials (out of the 658 who died) found 49 were Jewish (12½%). According to the 2002 American Jewish Year Book, New York State's population was 9% Jewish. Sixty-four percent of the WTC victims lived in New York State.

^ The Mitzvah To Remember (09/05/2002) Gary Rosenblatt, August 3, 2007

^ The Resuscitation of Anti-Semitism: An American Perspective: An Interview with Abraham Foxman 1 October 2003

^ The 4,000 Jews Rumor: Rumor surrounding Sept. 11th proved untrue January 2005

^ "The 4,000 Jews Rumor". Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. 2007-11-16. http://www.america.gov/st/pubs-english/2007/November/20050114145729atlahtnevel0.1679041.html. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

^ The 4,000 Jews Rumor

^ Cashman, Greer Fay (2002-09-12). "Five Israeli victims remembered in capital". The Jerusalem Post (The Jerusalem Post): p. 3. http://web.archive.org/web/20021104190710/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/A/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1031666147075. Retrieved 2006-10-17.

^ The White Van: Were Israelis Detained on Sept. 11 Spies? ABC News June 21, 2002

^ NYTimes -AFTER THE ATTACKS: THE INVESTIGATION; Authorities Have Learned the Identities Of 18 Hijackers, Attorney General Says

^ Richard Greenberg (2006-09-04). "The lie that just won't seem to die: Jews behind 9/11". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154526000478&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter. Retrieved 2009-09-20.

^ ""9/11 Cover-up Two-Page Summary" WantToKnow.info". http://www.wanttoknow.info/9-11cover-up.

^ ""The Coverup", 911review.com". http://911review.com/coverup/index.html.

^ ""9/11 Commission: The official coverup guide", 911truth.org". http://www.911truth.org/article.php?story=20040525104145424.

^ class="citation web">"Behind-the-Scenes: Ground Zero. A Collection of Personal Accounts - [summeroftruth.org]". [summeroftruth.org]. http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,20341165-5003406,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-20.

^ "Ahmadinejad quotes". The Jerusalem Post. 2006-05-22. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961353170&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 2009-09-20.

^ Abrams, Joseph (2008-07-15). "Critics Demand Resignation of U.N. Official Who Wants Probe of 9/11 'Inside Job' Theories Fox News June 19, 2008". Foxnews.com. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,369122,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ "French lecturer sacked over 9/11 conspiracy claims AFP/Expatica February 6, 2009". Expatica.com. http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/local_news/French-lecturer-sacked-over-9_11-conspiracy-claims_49327.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.

^ "Obama did not order Van Jones' resignation, adviser says". CNN. 2009-09-06. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/09/06/obama.adviser.resigns/. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

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